Kuze kube yiminyaka yawo-1950, idatha yokusebenza komshini we-CNC ngokuyinhloko yayivela kumakhadi e-punch, ayekhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ngezinqubo ezinzima zezandla.Ushintsho ekuthuthukisweni kwe-CNC ukuthi lapho ikhadi lishintshwa ngokulawulwa kwekhompiyutha, libonisa ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, kanye ne-computer aided design (CAD) kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ikhompyutha (CAM).Ukucubungula sekungenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqala zobuchwepheshe besimanje bekhompyutha.
Nakuba injini yokuhlaziya eyakhiwa uCharles Babbage phakathi nawo-1800 ithathwa njengekhompyutha yokuqala ngomqondo wesimanje, iMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) yesikhathi sangempela sekhompyutha i-whirlwind I (nayo eyazalelwa elabhorethri yemishini ye-servo) iyi-computer yesikhathi sangempela. ikhompuyutha yokuqala emhlabeni enekhompuyutha efanayo kanye nenkumbulo kazibuthe (njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi).Ithimba likwazile ukusebenzisa umshini ukufaka ikhodi ukukhiqizwa okulawulwa ngekhompuyutha we-perforated tape.Umsingathi wangempela usebenzise amashubhu evacuum angaba ngu-5000 futhi unesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-20000.
Ukuhamba kancane kokuthuthukiswa kwekhompyutha ngalesi sikhathi kwakuyingxenye yenkinga ngaleso sikhathi.Ngaphandle kwalokho, abantu abazama ukuthengisa lo mbono abazi ngempela ukukhiqiza - bangochwepheshe bamakhompyutha.Ngaleso sikhathi, umqondo we-NC wawuyinqaba kubakhiqizi kangangokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kwakuhamba kancane ngaleso sikhathi, kangangokuthi i-US Army ekugcineni kwadingeka ikhiqize imishini engu-120 NC futhi iyiqashe kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ukuze baqale ukusabalalisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo. .
Uhlelo lwe-Evolution kusuka ku-NC kuya ku-CNC
Maphakathi nawo-1950:Ikhodi ye-G, ulimi lokuhlela olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-NC, yazalwa endaweni ye-servo mechanism Laboratory yaseMassachusetts Institute of technology.Ikhodi ye-G isetshenziselwa ukutshela amathuluzi omshini wekhompuyutha ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani okuthile.Umyalo uthunyelwa kusilawuli somshini, esibe sesitshela injini isivinini sokunyakaza nendlela okufanele iyilandele.
1956:ibutho lasemoyeni lihlongoze ukwakha ulimi olujwayelekile lokuhlela lokulawula izinombolo.Umnyango omusha wocwaningo lwe-MIT, oholwa nguDoug Ross futhi oqanjwe ngeComputer Applications Group, waqala ukutadisha lesi siphakamiso futhi wathuthukisa okuthile kamuva okwaziwa ngokuthi ithuluzi lolimi lokuhlela elihlelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo (APT).
1957:inhlangano yemboni yezindiza kanye nomnyango webutho lasemoyeni babambisane ne-MIT ukuze balinganise umsebenzi we-apt futhi badale umshini wokuqala osemthethweni we-CNC.I-Apt, edalwe ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo kanye ne-FORTRAN, isebenzisa umbhalo kuphela ukuze idlulisele ijometri nezindlela zamathuluzi emishinini yokulawula izinombolo (NC).(inguqulo yakamuva yabhalwa ku-FORTRAN, futhi i-apt yagcina ikhishwe emkhakheni wezombango.
1957:ngenkathi esebenza kwa-General Electric, usosayensi wamakhompiyutha waseMelika u-Patrick J. Hanratty wakha futhi wakhulula ulimi lwezinhlelo ze-NC lwakuqala olubizwa nge-Pronto, olwabeka isisekelo sezinhlelo ze-CAD zesikhathi esizayo futhi lwamzuzela isicoco esingakahleleki esithi "ubaba we-cad/cam".
"Ngo-March 11, 1958, kwazalwa inkathi entsha yokukhiqiza. Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni wokukhiqiza, imishini eminingi yokukhiqiza elawulwa nge-elekthronikhi yayisebenza kanyekanye njengomugqa wokukhiqiza odidiyelwe. Le mishini yayicishe ingagadiwe, futhi yayenza yayikwazi ukubhoboza, ukubhoboza, ukugaya, nokudlulisa izingxenye ezingabalulekile phakathi kwemishini.
1959:Ithimba le-MIT libe nomhlangano nabezindaba ukuze libonise amathuluzi abo omshini we-CNC asanda kwakhiwa.
1959:ibutho lasemoyeni lisayine inkontileka yonyaka nelabhorethri yezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ye-MIT ukuthuthukisa "iphrojekthi yokuklama ikhompyutha".Umphumela we-automation engineering design (AED) wakhululwa esizindeni somphakathi ngo-1965.
1959:IGeneral Motors (GM) yaqala ukufunda lokho kamuva okwabizwa ngokuthi i-computer enhanced design (DAC-1), okwakungenye yezinhlelo zokuqala ze-CAD eziyingcaca.Ngonyaka olandelayo, bethula i-IBM njengozakwethu.Imidwebo ingaskenwa ohlelweni, oluyifake kudijithali futhi ingashintshwa.Bese, enye isofthiwe ingaguqula imigqa ibe yizimo ze-3D futhi ikhiphe ukuze ikwazi ukuthumela emshinini wokugaya.I-DAC-1 yafakwa ekukhiqizweni ngo-1963 futhi yenziwa i-debut yomphakathi ngo-1964.
1962:i-graphics yokuqala ye-CAD system electronic plotter (EDM) eyakhiwe i-itek, usonkontileka wezokuvikela wase-US, yethulwa.Itholwe yi-control data corporation, inkampani ye-mainframe ne-supercomputer, futhi yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-digigraphy.Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa i-Lockheed nezinye izinkampani ukuze zenze izingxenye zokukhiqiza zendiza yezempi ye-C-5 Galaxy, ebonisa icala lokuqala lohlelo lokukhiqiza lwe-cad/cnc oluphela ukuya ekupheleni.
Umagazini we-Time ngaleso sikhathi wabhala isihloko ku-EDM ngo-March, 1962, futhi wabonisa ukuthi umklamo womqhubi wafaka ikhompuyutha eshibhile nge-console, engaxazulula izinkinga futhi igcine izimpendulo kwifomu yedijithali kanye ne-microfilm emtatsheni wezincwadi wememori.Vele ucindezele inkinobho bese udweba umdwebo ngepeni elikhanyayo, futhi unjiniyela angangena kwingxoxo esebenzayo ne-EDM, akhumbule noma yimiphi imidwebo yakhe yangaphambili esikrinini nge-millisecond, futhi ashintshe imigqa namajika ngokuthanda kwakhe.
U-Ivan Sutherland ufunda i-TX-2
Umdwebo wohlelo lwe-highlighter
Ngaleso sikhathi, abaklami bemishini nabasebenza ngogesi babedinga ithuluzi lokusheshisa umsebenzi onzima nodla isikhathi ababevame ukuwenza.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, u-Ivan E. Sutherland woMnyango wobunjiniyela bakagesi e-MIT udale uhlelo lokwenza amakhompyutha edijithali abe uzakwethu osebenzayo wabaklami.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC athola ukudonsa nokuduma
Maphakathi nawo-1960, ukuvela kwamakhompyutha amancane athengekayo kwashintsha imithetho yomdlalo embonini.Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha be-transistor kanye nenkumbulo eyinhloko, le mishini enamandla ithatha indawo encane kakhulu kunama- mainframes asetshenziswayo kuze kube manje.
Amakhompiyutha amancane, awaziwa nangokuthi amakhompyutha aphakathi nendawo ngaleso sikhathi, ngokwemvelo anamathegi amanani athengekayo, awakhulula emikhawulweni yezinkampani zangaphambilini noma amabutho, futhi enikeza amandla okunemba, ukwethembeka kanye nokuphindaphinda ezinkampanini ezincane, amabhizinisi.
Ngokuphambene, ama-microcomputers angu-8-bit umsebenzisi oyedwa, imishini elula esebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula (ezifana ne-MS-DOS), kuyilapho amakhompiyutha amancane angama-16 bit noma angu-32-bit.Izinkampani ezakha isisekelo zifaka u-Dec, idatha jikelele, kanye ne-Hewlett Packard (HP) (manje ibhekisela kumakhompyutha ayo amancane angaphambili, njenge-HP3000, "njengamaseva").
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ukukhula kancane komnotho kanye nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuqashwa kwenza ukwenziwa kwe-CNC kubukeke njengesixazululo esihle nesingabizi kakhulu, futhi isidingo samathuluzi emishini yesistimu ye-NC sakhula.Nakuba abacwaningi baseMelika begxile ezimbonini ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-software ne-aerospace, i-Germany (ehlanganiswe yi-Japan ngeminyaka yawo-1980) igxile ezimakethe ezibiza kancane futhi idlula i-United States ekuthengisweni kwemishini.Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona uchungechunge lwezinkampani zaseMelika CAD nabahlinzeki, kuhlanganise ne-UGS Corp., i-computervision, i-applicon kanye ne-IBM.
Ngawo-1980, ngokuncipha kwezindleko zehadiwe okusekelwe kuma-microprocessors kanye nokuvela kwenethiwekhi yendawo (LAN), inethiwekhi yekhompiyutha exhumene nabanye, izindleko nokufinyeleleka kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC nakho kwavela.Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980, amakhompiyutha amancane namatheminali amakhulu ekhompyutha athathelwa indawo yizindawo zokusebenzela ezinenethiwekhi, amaseva wamafayela namakhompyutha omuntu siqu (PCS), ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwa imishini ye-CNC yamanyuvesi nezinkampani ezaziwafaka ngokwesiko (ngoba yiwona kuphela. amakhompyutha abizayo angakwazi ukuwaphelezela).
Ngo-1989, Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Samazinga Nobuchwepheshe ngaphansi koMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US sakha iphrojekthi yesilawuli somshini esithuthukisiwe (i-EMC2, kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-linuxcnc), okuwumthombo ovulekile wesistimu yesofthiwe ye-gnu/linux esebenzisa ikhompuyutha eyinhloso evamile ukulawula i-CNC. imishini.I-Linuxcnc ivula indlela yekusasa lamathuluzi omshini we-CNC womuntu siqu, aseyizinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingqalasizinda emkhakheni wekhompyutha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-19-2022