Ukuthi imishini ye-CNC yendabuko, engusayizi wegumbi ishintshela kanjani emishinini yedeskithophu (efana nomshini wokugaya we-Bantam wedeskithophu ye-CNC kanye nomshini wokugaya we-Bantam wedeskithophu we-PCB) kungenxa yokwakhiwa kwamakhompuyutha omuntu siqu, izilawuli ezincane nezinye izingxenye zemishini kagesi.Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anamandla futhi ahlangene abengeke akwazi namuhla.
Ngo-1980, ukuvela kobunjiniyela bokulawula kanye nohlelo lwezikhathi lokuthuthukiswa kokusekelwa kwe-elekthronikhi nekhompyutha.
Ukusa kwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1977, "ama-microcomputers" amathathu akhululwa ngesikhathi esisodwa - i-Apple II, isilwane esifuywayo sika-2001 kanye ne-TRS-80 - ngoJanuwari 1980, umagazini we-byte wamemezela ukuthi "inkathi yamakhompiyutha omuntu esenziwe ngomumo isifikile".Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhompuyutha omuntu siqu kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha kusukela lapho, lapho umncintiswano phakathi kwe-apula ne-IBM uphela futhi ugeleza.
Ngo-1984, i-Apple yakhipha i-Macintosh yakudala, ikhompuyutha yokuqala yomuntu siqu eqhutshwa ngamagundane ekhiqizwe ngobuningi ene-graphical user interface (GUI).I-Macintosh iza ne-macpaint ne-macwrite (eyenza idume izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-WYSIWYG WYSIWYG).Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngokubambisana ne-adobe, kwethulwa uhlelo olusha lwezithombe, olwabeka isisekelo somklamo osizwa ngekhompyutha (CAD) kanye nokukhiqiza okusizwa yikhompyutha (CAM).
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-CAD kanye nezinhlelo zekhamera
Umlamuli phakathi kwethuluzi lomshini wekhompiyutha ne-CNC izinhlelo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: i-CAD nekhamera.Ngaphambi kokuthi singene emlandweni omfushane wabo bobabili, nasi isifinyezo.
Izinhlelo ze-CAD zisekela ukudalwa kwedijithali, ukuguqulwa, nokwabelana kwezinto ze-2D noma ze-3D.Uhlelo lwe-cam likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe amathuluzi, izinto zokwakha, nezinye izimo zokusika imisebenzi.Njengonjiniyela, noma ngabe usuwuqedile wonke umsebenzi we-CAD futhi wazi ukubukeka kwezingxenye ozifunayo, umshini wokugaya awubazi ubukhulu noma ukuma kwe-milling cutter ofuna ukuyisebenzisa, noma imininingwane yosayizi wakho wempahla noma uhlobo.
Uhlelo lwekhamera lusebenzisa imodeli edalwe Unjiniyela ku-CAD ukubala ukunyakaza kwethuluzi kokubalulekile.Lezi zibalo zokunyakaza, ezibizwa ngokuthi izindlela zamathuluzi, zikhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo lwekhamera ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.Ezinye izinhlelo zekhamera zesimanje nazo zingalingisa esikrinini ukuthi umshini usebenzisa ithuluzi olikhethile ukusika izinto.Esikhundleni sokusika izivivinyo kumathuluzi omshini wangempela kaninginingi, ingonga ukuguga kwamathuluzi, isikhathi sokucubungula nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Umsuka we-CAD yesimanje ungalandelelwa emuva ku-1957. Uhlelo oluqanjwe ngokuthi i-Pronto olwakhiwa usosayensi wekhompyutha u-Patrick J. Hanratty lwaziwa njengoyise we-cad/cam.Ngo-1971, uphinde wasungula uhlelo olusetshenziswa kabanzi u-Adam, okuwuhlelo lokuklama olusebenzisanayo, ukudweba kanye nohlelo lokukhiqiza olubhalwe ku-FORTRAN, oluhloselwe ukuba namandla onke.“Abahlaziyi bezimboni balinganisela ukuthi u-70% wawo wonke amasistimu e-3-D Mechanical cad/cam atholakalayo namuhla angalandelelwa emuva kukhodi yasekuqaleni ka-Hanratty,” kusho iNyuvesi yaseCalifornia Irvine, lapho enza khona ucwaningo ngaleso sikhathi”.
Cishe ngo-1967, u-Patrick J. Hanratty wazinikela ekwakhiweni kosizo lwekhompyutha lwamakhompiyutha wesekethe ehlanganisiwe (CADIC).
Ngo-1960, uhlelo lokuphayona lwe-Sketchpad luka-Ivan Sutherland lwasungulwa phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili ze-Hanratty, okwakuwuhlelo lokuqala lokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esigcwele.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-AutoCAD, eyethulwe yi-Autodesk ngo-1982, iwuhlelo lokuqala lwe-2D CAD oluqondene ngqo namakhompyutha omuntu siqu kunamakhompyutha e-mainframe.Ngo-1994, i-AutoCAD R13 yenza uhlelo luhambisane nomklamo we-3D.Ngo-1995, i-SolidWorks yakhululwa ngenhloso ecacile yokwenza umklamo we-CAD ube lula kubabukeli abaningi, kwase kuthi i-Autodesk Inventor yethulwa ku-1999, eyaba enembile.
Maphakathi nawo-1980s, idemo ye-AutoCAD eyingcaca ethandwayo yabonisa isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga ngamakhilomitha angu-1:1.Ungakwazi ngisho nokusondeza inyanga futhi ufunde i-plaque ku-Apollo lunar lander.
Akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-CNC ngaphandle kokukhokha intela kubadali besofthiwe abazibophezele ekwehliseni umkhawulo wokungena womklamo wedijithali futhi bawenze usebenze kuwo wonke amazinga wamakhono.Njengamanje, i-Autodesk fusion 360 ihamba phambili.(uma kuqhathaniswa nesofthiwe efanayo efana ne-Mastercam, i-UGNX ne-PowerMILL, le softhiwe enamandla ye-cad/cam ayikavulwa e-China.) “iyithuluzi lokuqala le-3D CAD, i-cam kanye ne-CAE yohlobo lwayo, engaxhuma wonke ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wakho. inqubo yokuya endaweni esekwe emafini elungele i-PC, i-MAC namadivayisi eselula.”Lo mkhiqizo wesoftware onamandla umahhala kubafundi, othisha, abaqalayo abaqeqeshiwe kanye nabasafunda.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC wangaphambi kwesikhathi
Njengomunye wamaphayona kanye nokhokho bamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ahlangene, ihholo lika-Ted, umsunguli wamathuluzi e-shopbot, wayenguprofesa weNeuroscience eDuke University.Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, uthanda ukwenza izikebhe ze-plywood.Wabheka ithuluzi okwakulula ukusika i-plywood, kodwa ngisho nenani lokusebenzisa imishini yokugaya i-CNC ngaleso sikhathi lalingaphezu kwama-$50000.Ngo-1994, wabonisa iqembu labantu umshini wokugaya awuklama endaweni yakhe yokusebenzela, ngaleyo ndlela waqala uhambo lwenkampani.
Ukusuka efekthri kuye kwideskithophu: i-MTM snap
Ngo-2001, i-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) yasungula isikhungo esisha sebhithi ne-athomu, okuyiLabhorethri engudadewabo ye-MIT Media Laboratory, futhi iholwa umbonisi umbono uSolwazi Neil Gershenfeld.UGershenfeld uthathwa njengomunye wabasunguli bomqondo we-Fab Lab (Ilabhorethri Yokukhiqiza).Ngokusekelwa komklomelo wocwaningo lobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwama-US $13.75 wezigidi ezivela ku-National Science Foundation, i-bit and atom Center (CBA) yaqala ukufuna usizo lokwakha inethiwekhi yesitudiyo esincane ukuze inikeze umphakathi amathuluzi omuntu siqu okukhiqiza idijithali.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-1998, uGershenfeld wavula isifundo esibizwa ngokuthi “indlela yokwenza (cishe) noma yini” eMassachusetts Institute of technology ukuze ethule abafundi bezobuchwepheshe emishinini ebizayo yokukhiqiza izimboni, kodwa izifundo zakhe zaheha abafundi abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ubuciko, ukuklama. kanye nezakhiwo.Lokhu sekube yisisekelo soguquko lomuntu siqu lokukhiqiza idijithali.
Enye yamaphrojekthi azalwa yi-CBA yimishini eyenza (MTM), egxile ekwakhiweni kwama-prototypes asheshayo angasetshenziswa kumalabhorethri efekthri eyi-wafer.Omunye wemishini ezalwe kule phrojekthi umshini wokugaya we-MTM snap desktop CNC owakhiwe ngabafundi basesigcemeni u-Jonathan, uNadya Peek kanye noDavid Mellis ngo-2011. Kusetshenziswa upulasitiki we-HDPE we-snap osindayo (osikwe ebhodini lokunquma ekhishini) kubhothi enkulu ye-CNC. umshini wokugaya, lo mshini wokugaya we-3-axis usebenza ngesilawuli esincane se-Arduino esinezindleko eziphansi, futhi ungagaya kahle yonke into kusukela ku-PCB kuya kugwebu nokhuni.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifakwe kudeskithophu, iyaphatheka futhi iyathengeka.
Ngaleso sikhathi, nakuba abanye abakhiqizi bemishini yokugaya ye-CNC njenge-shopbot kanye ne-epilog babezama ukukhulula izinguqulo zedeskithophu ezincane nezishibhile zemishini yokugaya, zazisabiza kakhulu.
I-MTM snap ibukeka njengethoyizi, kodwa ishintshe ngokuphelele ukugaya ideskithophu.
Ngomoya we-Fab Lab yeqiniso, ithimba le-MTM snap laze labelana ngebhili yalo yezinto zokwakha ukuze ukwazi ukuzenzela wena.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-MTM snap, ilungu leqembu u-Jonathan ward usebenze nonjiniyela uMike Estee kanye nososayensi we-Forrest oluhlaza kanye nezinto zokwakha uDanielle applestone ukuze benze iphrojekthi exhaswa yi-DARPA ebizwa ngokuthi umeluleki (ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza nokukhuthazwa) ukuze "kusebenze ikhulu lama-21."
Ithimba lasebenza kwenye i-lab e-San Francisco, lahlanganisa kabusha futhi lahlola kabusha idizayini yethuluzi lomshini we-MTM, ngenhloso yokwenza umshini wokugaya we-CNC wedeskithophu onenani elifanele, ukunemba kanye nokusetshenziswa kalula.Bayiqambe ngokuthi yi- othermill, eyandulela umshini wokugaya wamathuluzi we-Bantam wedeskithophu we-PCB.
Ukuvela kwezizukulwane ezintathu zezinye izigayo
NgoMeyi, 2013, ithimba lomunye umshini Co. lethule ngempumelelo umsebenzi wokuqoqa imali.Ngemva kwenyanga, ngo-June, amathuluzi e-shopbot aqala umkhankaso (naye waphumelela) womshini we-CNC ophathwayo obizwa nge-handbot, oklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile kuwebhusayithi yomsebenzi.Ikhwalithi eyinhloko yale mishini emibili ukuthi isofthiwe ehambisana nayo - otherplan ne-fabmo - yakhelwe ukuthi ibe nezinhlelo ezinembile nezisebenziseka kalula ze-WYSIWYG, ngokulandelana, ukuze izethameli eziningi zikwazi ukusebenzisa ukucubungula kwe-CNC.Ngokusobala, njengoba ukusekelwa kwalawa maphrojekthi amabili kufakazela, umphakathi ululungele lolu hlobo lokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Isibambo esiphuzi esigqamile se-Handibot simemezela ukuphatheka kwaso.
Ukuthambekela okuqhubekayo kusuka efekthri kuye kwideskithophu
Kusukela umshini wokuqala wasetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano ngo-2013, umnyakazo wokukhiqiza idijithali yedeskithophu iye yathuthukiswa.Imishini yokugaya ye-CNC manje ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC kusukela ezimbonini kuya kumadeskithophu, kusukela emishinini yokugoba izintambo kuya emishini yokuluka, imishini yokwenza i-vacuum, imishini yokusika indiza yamanzi, imishini yokusika i-laser, njll.
Izinhlobo zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC adluliselwe kusuka kumaworkshop asefekthri kuya kumadeskithophu akhula kancane kancane.
Umgomo wokuthuthukiswa kwelabhorethri ye-Fab, eyazalelwa e-MIT ekuqaleni, uwukuqhakambisa imishini yokukhiqiza yedijithali enamandla kodwa ebizayo, ukuhlomisa izingqondo ezihlakaniphile ngamathuluzi, nokuletha imibono yabo emhlabeni wenyama.Abantu abanolwazi kuphela abangathola ochwepheshe besikhathi esidlule ngala mathuluzi.Manje, inguquko yokukhiqiza ideskithophu iqhubekisela phambili le ndlela, isuka ezindaweni zokusebenzela ze-Fab iye kumihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yomuntu siqu, ngokunciphisa kakhulu izindleko kuyilapho kugcinwa ukunemba kochwepheshe.
Njengoba lo mzila uqhubeka, kunentuthuko entsha ethokozisayo ekuhlanganiseni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) ekwenziweni kwedeskithophu kanye nokwakhiwa kwedijithali.Ukuthi lezi ntuthuko ziqhubeka nokuba nomthelela kanjani ekukhiqizeni nasekusungulweni kwezinto kusazobonakala, kodwa sesihambe ibanga elide kusukela esikhathini samakhompyutha angalingani namagumbi namathuluzi okukhiqiza anamandla aboshwe ngokuphelele ezikhungweni ezinkulu nasezinkampanini.Amandla manje asezandleni zethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-19-2022